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16 Jul

News and Analyses, A Foreign Perspective

News and Analyses, A Foreign Perspective

English Online International Newspapers

Nearly all of these are English-edition daily newspapers. These sites have interesting editorials and essays, and many have links to other good news sources. We try to limit this list to those sites which are regularly updated, reliable, with a high percentage of “up” time.

View All>>

At last, a law that could have stopped Blair and Bush invading Iraq

Geoffrey Robertson

Geoffrey Robertson is a human rights barrister

The Hague’s new crime of aggression might give belligerent heads of states a reason to pause

George W Bush and Tony Blair shake hands in 2001

‘Had this been an offence back in 2003, Tony Blair would have been bang to rights, together with senior numbers of his cabinet and some British military commanders.’ George W Bush and Tony Blair shake in 2001. Photograph: Mario Tama/EPA

Tuesday is a red-letter day for international law: from then on, political and military leaders who order the invasion of foreign countries will be guilty of the crime of aggression, and may be punishable at the international criminal court in The Hague. Had this been an offence back in 2003, Tony Blair would have been bang to rights, together with senior numbers of his cabinet and some British military commanders. But if that were the case, of course, they would not have gone ahead; George W Bush would have been without his willing UK accomplices.

The judgment at Nuremberg declared that “to initiate a war of aggression … is the supreme international crime”. But this concept never entered UK law (as the misguided crowdfunded effort to prosecute Blair discovered last year). International acceptance of it stalled until states could agree on an up-to-date definition. The crime was included in the ICC jurisdiction back in 1998, but was suspended until its elements could be decided (in 2010) then ratified by at least 30 states (in 2016). At last it is finally being “activated”. In the meantime, Iraq and Ukraine have been invaded and other countries threatened, while Donald Trump attacked Syria last year. Now, the very existence of the crime of aggression offers some prospect of deterrence, and some degree of certainty in identifying the criminals.

The crime will be committed by those who direct the use of armed force against the “sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence” of another member state, in a manner which “by its character, gravity, and scale” amounts to a “manifest violation” of the UN charter (which prohibits such attacks, other than in self-defence). This allows some wriggle room – Trump’s attack on Syria lacked the “gravity and scale” required (it did little damage) but it might well apply to Russia for its incursions into Ukraine – the test is whether Vladimir Putin and his armed forces were “substantially involved”, whether secretly or by proxy, in the use of armed force. Self-evidently, it would have incriminated those who ordered the invasion of Iraq.

The definition has a few holes: it does not cover cyber-attacks, for example, which do not take human life (at least not yet) and it does not incriminate leaders of Islamic State or other terrorist groups – defendants must be in command positions of the aggressor state.

There is a question of whether it would deter “humanitarian intervention” – a right to invade to relieve extreme humanitarian distress if there is no other way to save lives. My own view is that genuine humanitarian action will escape liability, whatever its scale and gravity, because its “character” (that is, to put an end to crimes against humanity) will be consistent with (and not a “manifest” breach of) the UN charter.

Although ICC jurisdiction over aggression is activated this week, its direct power of prosecution will only apply to nationals of states that have ratified the newly defined crime. Only 35 have stepped forward so far, mainly from Europe, and the UK, quite disgracefully, has done all it can to block the process (in remembrance, perhaps, of Tony Blair). It must be put under public pressure to change course.

British politicians (and others from non-ratifying states) can be charged as a result of a reference by the security council to the ICC, but here Britain has a veto, along with the US and Russia. So the crime of aggression, once up and running, will not in practice run very far: the superpower veto means that it will not be allowed to finger the collar of any politician or military leader who has acted in alliance with one of the security council’s “big five”.

Nonetheless, Tuesday marks the completion of the arsenal of international criminal law, irrespective of whether its latest weapon will be used. The very fact that it might conceivably be deployed will provide some measure of deterrence, by informing the international community of a legal red line and encouraging public protest when it is in danger of being overstepped.

It is hardly surprising that Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia were among the first to ratify the crime: it will not stop a Russian invasion, but its existence as an international law offence might give Putin a reason to pause. Sending assassins armed with polonium or novichok to another state to kill its citizens might also qualify as aggression – a fact that makes the UK government’s refusal to ratify the amendment stupid as well as hypocritical.

Read Full Article>>

World Politics

Finland

‘Not welcome’: Finnish protesters criticise Trump-Putin summit

Helsinki ‘not neutral ground’ despite its history of hosting key cold war meetings

Andrew Roth in Helsinki

A protest in Helsinki ahead of the summit meeting

A protest in Helsinki ahead of the summit meeting. Photograph: Leonhard Foeger/Reuters

The Finns are proud of hosting some of the cold war’s most historic summits. But many in the country will tell you: don’t call Helsinki “neutral ground”.

Protesters came out on Sunday to attack both Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin before the controversial summit between the two leaders in the Finnish capital.

“Not welcome,” read one sign, held by Hemmo Siponen, showing a cartoon of Trump and Putin embracing. “Fuck you both,” read another carried by two young women.

“It doesn’t feel good to have them here,” said Anna Bruun, a civil servant who said she was opposed to “great power politics” playing out in her home city.

The country’s largest newspaper has put up English- and Russian-language street adverts saying: “Mr President, welcome to the land of free press.”

Helsinki often served as a crucial bridge between the Soviet Union and the US during the cold war. The city was the venue for the 1975 Helsinki accords in which Gerald Ford and Leonid Brezhnev signed a 35-state declaration that called for respect of sovereign territory and human rights. Other notable summits included George Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev in 1990, and Bill Clinton and Boris Yeltsin in 1997.

“If the result is something in the tradition of those agreements, then it could be very positive, but if it’s something that becomes Munich-Yalta-Helsinki, then that would be catastrophic,” Laura Saarikoski, the US correspondent for the Finland daily newspaper Helsingin Sanomat, said, referring to talks synonymous with appeasement.

Saarikoski and a colleague published an open letter in the newspaper on Sunday that praised the “spirit of Helsinki” as a summer setting conducive to talks, but showed that the hosts would also have their say.

“Hopefully everyone will nevertheless understand that European matters can no longer be agreed on over the heads of Europeans,” the letter read.

Many here recall the forced Soviet-era neutrality, a policy called Finlandisation, as a dark period in the country’s history.

Finland has established its western credentials in the years since the fall of the Soviet Union, with EU membership and an enhanced partnership with Nato.

“Finns don’t view themselves as being neutral between east and west,” said Mika Aaltola of the Finnish Institute of International Affairs. “Since the end of the cold war, the policy has been that Finland is part of the west. We have built a society that is very solid and unified, world class in terms of many rankings, as a way of getting out of the geographical bind we found ourselves in.”

Russia still maintains some strong ties with Finland. Putin has met regularly with the country’s last two prime ministers, and a close associate, Boris Rotenberg, holds Finnish citizenship and business interests in the country. Russia is also the source of important energy projects in the region, including a nuclear power plant and gas pipeline.

“I support open dialogue,” said Hemmo Siponen, a protester. “But that should be done in the open. I don’t want backdoor talks to be held here.”

Read Full Article>>

Russia

Successful World Cup fails to halt slide in Vladimir Putin’s popularity

An increase in the retirement age blamed for drop in approval ratings for Russian president

Shaun Walker in Moscow

President Vladimir Putin with Croatia’s president, Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovic

President Vladimir Putin with Croatia’s president, Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovic, during the closing ceremony of the World Cup on Sunday. Photograph: Mikhail Tereshchenko/Tass

As France clinched the World Cup at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow on Sunday evening, the cameras panned to Vladimir Putin, looking delighted in the official box together with Fifa president Gianni Infantino.

The Russian president has every reason to be happy: the general consensus is that Russia has hosted a successful World Cup and hundreds of thousands of foreigners are leaving with positive impressions of the country.

But a strange thing is happening, as Russia basks in the glow of a job well done: Putin’s approval ratings are dropping among Russians.

A recent survey by a state-funded polling agency showed that confidence in the Russian president dropped from 77% to 63% since elections in March, with the biggest reason believed to be a controversial rise in the pension age, which was announced on the first day of the World Cup.

The World Cup has passed off with no major incidents off the field, no violence or hooliganism and many positive stories of fans who travelled to Russia. On Friday, Infantino said this year’s World Cup had been the best ever and thanked Russia for the organisation. “It is an incredible, amazing World Cup. From the very beginning of the tournament, we have experienced incredible emotions from being here,” he said.

Having been in power for the best part of two decades, Putin and Russia are often seen as interchangeable concepts: what’s good for one is good for the other. This time, though, that doesn’t seem to be the case.

“One of the tasks of the tournament was to further link the concepts of ‘Putin’ and ‘Russia’ but instead it has started to move them in different directions,” wrote political commentator Andrei Kolesnikov in a recent comment for Vedomosti newspaper.

Putin attended the opening match, but missed Russia’s extraordinary win against Spain in Moscow and their narrow quarter-final defeat to Croatia in Sochi. Those games were instead witnessed by the unpopular and gaffe-prone prime minister, Dmitry Medvedev.

In March, Putin won another six-year term with an overwhelming 77% of the vote in the presidential elections. Despite the impressive figures, the public mood around election time was marked by apathy, with many saying they were voting for Putin because there was no alternative.

The pension change was announced on the opening day of the tournament and Putin himself has attempted to distance himself from the measure, but the polling figures suggest this has not been successful.

There were protests in a number of Russian cities in early July, organised by an unusually broad coalition of political forces, including parliamentary opposition parties that are usually broadly loyal to the Kremlin. The organisers did not hold protests in World Cup host cities.

The retirement age will rise gradually from 55 to 63 for women and from 60 to 65 for men over a number of years. Economists say it is important to raise the age from norms that were set in the era of Joseph Stalin, but the move is extremely unpopular with Putin’s supporters.

Read Full Article>>

United States

Trump calls European Union a ‘foe’ – ahead of Russia and China

  • Washington worries as Trump flies to meet Putin in Helsinki

  • Theresa May: Donald Trump told me to sue the EU

Andrew Roth and David Smith in Helsinki and Edward Helmore and Martin Pengelly in New York

Donald Trump calls the EU a foe during interview in Scotland – video 

Donald Trump described the European Union one of his greatest “foes” in another extraordinary diplomatic intervention on Sunday, just hours before sitting down to a high-stakes summit with the Russian president, Vladimir Putin.

Asked in a TV interview to name his “biggest foe globally right now”, the US president started by naming the European Union, calling the body “very difficult” before ticking off other traditional rivals like Russia and China.

Hours earlier, the British prime minister, Theresa May, revealed that Trump suggested she “sue the EU” rather than go into negotiations over Brexit.

“Well, I think we have a lot of foes,” Trump told CBS News at his Turnberry golf resort in Scotland. “I think the European Union is a foe, what they do to us in trade. Now you wouldn’t think of the European Union but they’re a foe.”

Apparently taken aback, anchor Jeff Glor replied: “A lot of people might be surprised to hear you list the EU as a foe before China and Russia.”

But Trump insisted: “EU is very difficult. I respect the leaders of those countries. But – in a trade sense, they’ve really taken advantage of us.”

Trump’s controversial tour through Europe has turned postwar western relations inside out, the president sparring with Nato leaders in Brussels and blasting May’s Brexit strategy in the Sun newspaper. His remarks have reflected one of this president’s core beliefs: that America is exploited by its allies.

Donald Tusk, president of the European council, tweeted: “America and the EU are best friends. Whoever says we are foes is spreading fake news.”

Trump departed Scotland for Helsinki, where allies are concerned about how much common ground he will find with Putin when they meet at the Finnish presidential palace.

It’s leaving the Washington foreign policy community utterly terrified. Trump has been undermining traditional alliances

Max Bergmann, Center for American Progress

From Air Force One, as media scrutiny intensified, the president unleashed a bizarre volley of tweets: “Unfortunately, no matter how well I do at the Summit, if I was given the great city of Moscow as retribution for all of the sins and evils committed by Russia … over the years, I would return to criticism that it wasn’t good enough – that I should have gotten Saint Petersburg in addition!”

Trump added: “Much of our news media is indeed the enemy of the people and all the Dem[ocrat]s … know how to do is resist and obstruct! This is why there is such hatred and dissension in our country – but at some point, it will heal!”

The Kremlin has billed the summit as “the event of the summer” but Trump and advisers have played down expectations for a meeting that will include a session attended only by the two leaders and their interpreters. Putin and Trump are expected to discuss issues from nuclear arms treaties to the conflict in Syria, but with a very loosely defined agenda.

“I go in with very low expectations,” Trump said on CBS.

In surprising remarks, the president admitted he “hadn’t thought” of asking Putin to extradite 12 Russians indicted over the theft of data from Democratic party bodies ahead of the 2016 election.

“I might,” he said. “I hadn’t thought of that. But I certainly, I’ll be asking about it.”

Trump was briefed on the indictments, made by special counsel Robert Mueller, ahead of their announcement on Friday. Mueller is investigating Russian election interference and links between Trump aides and Moscow. Four Trump campaign figures, including his first national security adviser and a former campaign manager, have been indicted. Trump denies collusion and has repeatedly called the investigation a “rigged witch-hunt”.

The national security adviser, John Bolton, told ABC News he expected Trump to press Putin on election meddling.

“I find it hard to believe, but that’s what one of the purposes of this meeting is so the president can see eye to eye with President Putin and ask him about it,” Bolton said, on whether Putin knew about the hacking.

Democrats in Congress called for the Helsinki summit to be cancelled.

Read Full Article>>

California Democrats snub Feinstein for Senate in endorsing progressive rival>>

Trump and Putin finish talks with no hint vote meddling was raised>>

Trump calls European Union a ‘foe’ – ahead of Russia and China>>

UK politicians ‘failing to rise to the challenge of climate change’

Government’s top climate adviser warns policymakers will be judged harshly by future generations if they don’t act now

Matthew Taylor Environment correspondent

Winter Hill wildfire, near Bolton in Lancashire. ‘Anyone who read the news’ could see mounting evidence of the effects of climate change, Lord Deben said.

Winter Hill wildfire, near Bolton in Lancashire. ‘Anyone who read the news’ could see mounting evidence of the effects of climate change, Lord Deben said. Photograph: Charlotte Graham/REX/Shutterstock

The government’s official climate change adviser says politicians and policymakers are failing to rise to the challenge of a rapidly warming planet and will be judged harshly by future generations unless they act now.

Lord Deben, chair of the UK’s Climate Change Committee (CCC), said “anyone who read the news” could see mounting evidence of alarming trends – from melting polar ice to record heatwaves and rising sea levels. He called on politicians to “make the connections” between these events and act with more urgency.

“The thing that I want to bring home to policymakers is that this is increasingly urgent and that these things will be laid at your door if you don’t recognise that and act accordingly.”

Deben compared the threat posed by climate change to the black death, adding: “With the black death, where one in three of the population died, we did not know how it happened, how it spread, so we were not responsible.

“With climate change we do know and so we are responsible. So it is no good saying ‘oh well, it will all work out one way or another’. We are responsible, and if we don’t take on that responsibility we are shoving it on to our children and no parent should do that in any circumstances.”

John Gummer Lord Deben compared the threat of climate change to the black death.

John Gummer, Lord Deben, compared the threat of climate change to the black death. Photograph: Richard Gardner/REX/Shutterstock

Lord Deben’s intervention comes as record high temperatures are being set across much of the world, intensifying concerns about climate change.

In the UK the heatwave has contributed to wildfires but environmentalists have expressed exasperation at the government’s environment policies – especially the decision to push ahead with Heathrow expansion and, on the same day, the cancellation of a huge tidal lagoon project in south Wales.

Critics said it revealed that much of the governing class – including those Labour MPs who supported the government’s Heathrow expansion plans – had failed to grasp of the scale of the threat posed by climate change

Lord Deben praised some politicians, including climate change minister Claire Perry, but warned there was a widespread lack of urgency.

“Anybody who has been reading the newspapers will know there is a serious issue about Arctic ice, there are serious issues about Antarctic ice … the current hot period we are experiencing in Britain at the moment does remind us that we have had most of the hottest years we have had in the past 10 to 15 years.

“If you add all that to the rising of the sea levels and what is happening to the permafrost, you put those things together – [you] can’t put down any one of them to this year’s global warming, but you can put all of them down together to climate change in general.”

The CCC’s annual report, published last month, found the UK is on track to miss its legally binding carbon budgets in 2025 and 2030, due to lack of progress in cutting emissions from buildings and transport.

It also said ministers were spurning low-cost options, such as onshore windfarms, home insulation and tree-planting, meaning people would end up paying more than needed to fight climate change.

Climate scientists have warned that there would be more wildfires like the one on Saddleworth Moor across northern Europe because of climate change.

Read Full Article>>

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